Similarities and Differences between Learning Theories: Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism, from the Perspective of Schunk

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Physics, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Understanding the similarities and differences between three approaches of learning theories including behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism from the perspective of Schunk is the main aims of this article. The connection between the lesson plan and the learning theories has always been very important. In this paper, three theories of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism are examined from the perspective of Schunk, and the application of any theory in the teaching of the sciences is mentioned by the samples of the lesson plans. The data collection method was document analysis. This research showed that from the perspective of Schunk, each theory explains and describes learning from a particular point of view, though despite similarities, each one emphasizes and pays attention to different points. For example, the three theories point on the pre-knowledge as one of effective factors of learning, but the constructivism pays more attention on this factor.  The teachers should use these theories based on the content they are going to teach. For example, the behaviorism theory is more suitable for the contents which learners has no (or less) pre-knowledge and the cognitivism and constructivism are more suitable for teaching the abstract contents of mathematics or physics.

Highlights

In this paper, three theories of behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism are examined from
the perspective of Schunk, and the application of any theory in the teaching of the sciences is mentioned by the samples of the lesson plans. The data collection method was document analysis. This research showed that from the perspective of Schunk, each theory explains and describes learning from a particular point of  view, though despite similarities, each one emphasizes and pays attention to different points. For example, the three theories point on the pre-knowledge as one of effective factors of learning, but the constructivism pays more attention on this factor. The teachers should use these theories based on the content they are going to teach. For example, the behaviorism theory is more suitable for the contents which learners has
no (or less) pre-knowledge and the cognitivism and constructivism are more suitable for teaching the abstract contents of mathematics or physics.

Keywords

شناخت‌گرایی و برساخت‌گرایی از دیدگاه شانک

References

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Research in Experimental Science Education
Volume 1, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
November 2021
Pages 35-50

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History

  • Receive Date: 06 December 2021
  • Accept Date: 06 December 2021

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